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eBdV ZEe,eBd ZFe;dWGeAe>> from nntplib import NNTP
>>> s = NNTP('news')
>>> resp, count, first, last, name = s.group('comp.lang.python')
>>> print('Group', name, 'has', count, 'articles, range', first, 'to', last)
Group comp.lang.python has 51 articles, range 5770 to 5821
>>> resp, subs = s.xhdr('subject', '{0}-{1}'.format(first, last))
>>> resp = s.quit()
>>>
Here 'resp' is the server response line.
Error responses are turned into exceptions.
To post an article from a file:
>>> f = open(filename, 'rb') # file containing article, including header
>>> resp = s.post(f)
>>>
For descriptions of all methods, read the comments in the code below.
Note that all arguments and return values representing article numbers
are strings, not numbers, since they are rarely used for calculations.
NFT)
decode_header)_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)NNTP NNTPErrorNNTPReplyErrorNNTPTemporaryErrorNNTPPermanentErrorNNTPProtocolError
NNTPDataErrorr i c @ s e Zd ZdZdd ZdS )r z%Base class for all nntplib exceptionsc G s> t j| g|R z|d | _W d S ty d| _Y d S w )Nr zNo response given) Exception__init__response
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__module__ __qualname____doc__r r r r r r ` s r c @ e Zd ZdZdS )r zUnexpected [123]xx replyNr r r r r r r r r i r c @ r )r z
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5xx errorsNr r r r r r q r r c @ r )r z"Response does not begin with [1-5]Nr r r r r r u r r c @ r )r
zError in response dataNr r r r r r
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message_idr# c C sJ g }t | D ]\}}t|tr|||pd q|| qd|S )zvTakes a unicode string representing a munged header value
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isinstancer" appenddecodejoin)Z
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rD c C s t t}g }| D ]]}i }|d^}}t|}t|D ]B\} }
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field_nameZ is_metadatahr r r _parse_overview s&
rN c C s |du r| dd }| dd } t |dd }t |dd }t |dd }t | dd }t | dd }t | dd }|dk rI|d7 }n|d k rQ|d
7 }t||||||S ) zParse a pair of (date, time) strings, and return a datetime object.
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Ni F i d il )rG datetime)date_strtime_strZhoursZminutesZsecondsyearZmonthZdayr r r _parse_datetime s
rY c C sV t | tjs d}nd| }| j}|r!|d }d|| }||fS d|| }||fS )aP Format a date or datetime object as a pair of (date, time) strings
in the format required by the NEWNEWS and NEWGROUPS commands. If a
date object is passed, the time is assumed to be midnight (00h00).
The returned representation depends on the legacy flag:
* if legacy is False (the default):
date has the YYYYMMDD format and time the HHMMSS format
* if legacy is True:
date has the YYMMDD format and time the HHMMSS format.
RFC 3977 compliant servers should understand both formats; therefore,
legacy is only needed when talking to old servers.
Z000000z({0.hour:02d}{0.minute:02d}{0.second:02d}rT z {0:02d}{1.month:02d}{1.day:02d}z {0:04d}{1.month:02d}{1.day:02d})r/ rU formatrX )ZdtZlegacyrW yrV r r r _unparse_datetime s
r\ c C s |du rt }|j| |dS )zWrap a socket in SSL/TLS. Arguments:
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N)Zserver_hostname)sslZ_create_stdlib_contextZ wrap_socket)sockcontextZhostnamer r r _encrypt_on s r` c @ s e Zd ZdZdZeddddefddZdd Zd d
Z d d Z
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- host: hostname to connect to
- port: port to connect to (default the standard NNTP port)
- user: username to authenticate with
- password: password to use with username
- readermode: if true, send 'mode reader' command after
connecting.
- usenetrc: allow loading username and password from ~/.netrc file
if not specified explicitly
- timeout: timeout (in seconds) used for socket connections
readermode is sometimes necessary if you are connecting to an
NNTP server on the local machine and intend to call
reader-specific commands, such as `group'. If you get
unexpected NNTPPermanentErrors, you might need to set
readermode.
Nrwb) hostport_create_socketr^ filemakefile
_base_initloginclose)r rc rd userpassword
readermodeusenetrctimeoutr r r r 8 s
z
NNTP.__init__c C s^ d| _ | | _d| _| d| _|r'd| jvr'| | js'd| _| d| _d| _dS )z~Partial initialization for the NNTP protocol.
This instance method is extracted for supporting the test code.
r NFREADER) debugging_getrespwelcome_capsgetcapabilitiesreadermode_afterauth_setreadermodetls_on
authenticated)r rm r r r rh [ s
zNNTP._base_initc C s | S Nr r r r r __enter__} s zNNTP.__enter__c sf fdd}| r1z z W n ttfy Y nw W | r& d S d S | r0 w w d S )Nc s
t dS )Nrf )hasattrr r{ r r s
z NNTP.__exit__..)quitOSErrorEOFError_close)r r Z is_connectedr r{ r __exit__ s
z
NNTP.__exit__c C s< |d ur
|s
t dtd| | j| j t| j| jf|S )Nz0Non-blocking socket (timeout=0) is not supportedznntplib.connect)
ValueErrorsysauditrc rd socketZcreate_connection)r ro r r r re s zNNTP._create_socketc C s | j r tdt| j | jS )zGet the welcome message from the server
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if it 201, posting is not allowed.z *welcome*)rq printreprrs r{ r r r
getwelcome s zNNTP.getwelcomec C s | j du rAd| _d| _z| \}}W n ttfy# i | _ Y | j S w || _ d|v r5ttt|d | _d|v rAd |d | _| j S )zGet the server capabilities, as read by __init__().
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returned.Nr7 ZVERSIONZIMPLEMENTATION )
rt nntp_versionZnntp_implementation capabilitiesr r maxmaprG r2 )r respcapsr r r ru s
zNNTP.getcapabilitiesc C s
|| _ dS )zSet the debugging level. Argument 'level' means:
0: no debugging output (default)
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2: also print raw lines read and sent before stripping CR/LFN)rq )r levelr r r set_debuglevel s
zNNTP.set_debuglevelc C sH t d| | |t }| jdkrtdt| | j| | j dS )zfInternal: send one line to the server, appending CRLF.
The `line` must be a bytes-like object.znntplib.putliner7 z*put*N) r r _CRLFrq r r rf writeflushr r? r r r _putline s
z
NNTP._putlinec C s2 | j r
tdt| || j| j}| | dS )zkInternal: send one command to the server (through _putline()).
The `line` must be a unicode string.z*cmd*N)rq r r encodeencodingerrorsr r r r r _putcmd s z NNTP._putcmdTc C s | j td }t|tkrtd| jdkr tdt| |s"t|rB|dd t kr4|dd }|S |dd t v rB|dd }|S )zInternal: return one line from the server, stripping _CRLF.
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line too longz*get*rR N)
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rq r r r r )r Z
strip_crlfr? r r r _getline s
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NNTP._getlinec C sl | }| jrtdt| || j| j}|dd }|dkr$t||dkr,t||dvr4t ||S )zInternal: get a response from the server.
Raise various errors if the response indicates an error.
Returns a unicode string.z*resp*Nr7 45Z123)
r rq r r r1 r r r r r )r r cr r r rr s z
NNTP._getrespc C s d}zot |ttfrt|d }}| }|dd tvr!t|g }|durJdt df} | d}||v r8n| drC|dd }|
| q.n d} | }||krVn| dra|dd }| | qMW |rn| ||fS |ry| w w ) aP Internal: get a response plus following text from the server.
Raise various errors if the response indicates an error.
Returns a (response, lines) tuple where `response` is a unicode
string and `lines` is a list of bytes objects.
If `file` is a file-like object, it must be open in binary mode.
Nwb .s .
r7 Fs ..)
r/ strr" openrr _LONGRESPr r r rI r r0 rj )r rf Z
openedFiler r# Z terminatorsr?
terminatorr r r _getlongresp sF
zNNTP._getlongrespc C s | | | S )zWInternal: send a command and get the response.
Same return value as _getresp().)r rr r r r r _shortcmd s
zNNTP._shortcmdc C s | | | |S )zoInternal: send a command and get the response plus following text.
Same return value as _getlongresp().r r )r r? rf r r r _longcmd s
z
NNTP._longcmdc s. | |\}}| fdd|D fS )zInternal: send a command and get the response plus following text.
Same as _longcmd() and _getlongresp(), except that the returned `lines`
are unicode strings rather than bytes objects.
c s g | ]
}| j jqS r )r1 r r .0r? r{ r r
+ s z'NNTP._longcmdstring..r )r r? rf r listr r{ r _longcmdstring$ s
zNNTP._longcmdstringc C s` z| j W S ty
Y nw z | d\}}W n ty& tdd }Y nw t|}|| _ |S )zqInternal: get the overview format. Queries the server if not
already done, else returns the cached value.zLIST OVERVIEW.FMTN)Z_cachedoverviewfmtAttributeErrorr r r< rD )r r r# r> r r r _getoverviewfmt. s zNNTP._getoverviewfmtc C s dd |D S )Nc S s g | ]}t | qS r )r% rF r r r r r A s z#NNTP._grouplist..r )r r# r r r
_grouplist? s zNNTP._grouplistc C s8 i }| d\}}|D ] }| ^}}|||< q ||fS )a! Process a CAPABILITIES command. Not supported by all servers.
Return:
- resp: server response if successful
- caps: a dictionary mapping capability names to lists of tokens
(for example {'VERSION': ['2'], 'OVER': [], LIST: ['ACTIVE', 'HEADERS'] })
Z CAPABILITIES)r rF )r r r r# r? r@ rJ r r r r C s
zNNTP.capabilities)rf c C sb t |tjtjfstd|jjt|| jdk \}}d||}| ||\}}||
|fS )zProcess a NEWGROUPS command. Arguments:
- date: a date or datetime object
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- resp: server response if successful
- list: list of newsgroup names
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zNNTP.newgroupsc C sR t |tjtjfstd|jjt|| jdk \}}d|||}| ||S )zProcess a NEWNEWS command. Arguments:
- group: group name or '*'
- date: a date or datetime object
Return:
- resp: server response if successful
- list: list of message ids
r rO zNEWNEWS {0} {1} {2})
r/ rU r r rZ r r r\ r r )r r& r rf rV rW r r r r newnewsa s
z NNTP.newnewsc C s4 |dur d| }nd}| ||\}}|| |fS )a@ Process a LIST or LIST ACTIVE command. Arguments:
- group_pattern: a pattern indicating which groups to query
- file: Filename string or file object to store the result in
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- list: list of (group, last, first, flag) (strings)
Nz LIST ACTIVE ZLIST)r r )r
group_patternrf commandr r# r r r r q s
z NNTP.listc C s t d}| d| \}}|ds | d| \}}i }|D ] }|| }|r=|dd\} }
|s9|
S |
|| < q |rD||fS dS )Nz ^(?P[^ ]+)[ ]+(.*)$zLIST NEWSGROUPS r zXGTITLE r7 rO r- )recompiler rI searchstripr& ) r r Z
return_allZline_patr r# groupsZraw_linematchr@ Zdescr r r _getdescriptions s
zNNTP._getdescriptionsc C | |dS )a Get a description for a single group. If more than one
group matches ('group' is a pattern), return the first. If no
group matches, return an empty string.
This elides the response code from the server, since it can
only be '215' or '285' (for xgtitle) anyway. If the response
code is needed, use the 'descriptions' method.
NOTE: This neither checks for a wildcard in 'group' nor does
it check whether the group actually exists.Fr )r r& r r r description s zNNTP.descriptionc C r )z'Get descriptions for a range of groups.Tr )r r r r r descriptions s zNNTP.descriptionsc C s | d| }|dst|| }d } }}t|}|dkr@|d }|dkr@|d }|dkr@|d }|dkr@|d }|t|t|t||fS )a Process a GROUP command. Argument:
- group: the group name
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- count: number of articles
- first: first article number
- last: last article number
- name: the group name
zGROUP r r r7 rO r rP )r rI r rF r= r9 rG )r r@ r wordscountr( r' nr r r r& s
z
NNTP.groupc C | d|S )a Process a HELP command. Argument:
- file: Filename string or file object to store the result in
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- list: list of strings returned by the server in response to the
HELP command
ZHELP)r )r rf r r r help s z NNTP.helpc C s8 | ds t|| }t|d }|d }|||fS )z_Internal: parse the response line of a STAT, NEXT, LAST,
ARTICLE, HEAD or BODY command.Z22r7 rO )rI r rF rG )r r r art_numr+ r r r
_statparse s
zNNTP._statparsec C s | |}| |S )z/Internal: process a STAT, NEXT or LAST command.)r r )r r? r r r r _statcmd s
z
NNTP._statcmdc C s |r
| d|S | dS )a( Process a STAT command. Argument:
- message_spec: article number or message id (if not specified,
the current article is selected)
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- art_num: the article number
- message_id: the message id
zSTAT {0}ZSTAT)r rZ )r message_specr r r stat s
z NNTP.statc C
| dS )z;Process a NEXT command. No arguments. Return as for STAT.ZNEXTr r{ r r r next
z NNTP.nextc C r )z;Process a LAST command. No arguments. Return as for STAT.ZLASTr r{ r r r r' r z NNTP.lastc C s0 | ||\}}| |\}}}|t|||fS )z2Internal: process a HEAD, BODY or ARTICLE command.)r r r* )r r? rf r r# r r+ r r r _artcmd s z NNTP._artcmdc C $ |dur
d |}nd}| ||S )a0 Process a HEAD command. Argument:
- message_spec: article number or message id
- file: filename string or file object to store the headers in
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- ArticleInfo: (article number, message id, list of header lines)
NzHEAD {0}ZHEADrZ r r r rf r r r r head z NNTP.headc C r )a+ Process a BODY command. Argument:
- message_spec: article number or message id
- file: filename string or file object to store the body in
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- ArticleInfo: (article number, message id, list of body lines)
NzBODY {0}ZBODYr r r r r body r z NNTP.bodyc C r )a5 Process an ARTICLE command. Argument:
- message_spec: article number or message id
- file: filename string or file object to store the article in
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- ArticleInfo: (article number, message id, list of article lines)
Nz ARTICLE {0}ZARTICLEr r r r r article r z NNTP.articlec C r )zYProcess a SLAVE command. Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
ZSLAVE)r r{ r r r slave! s
z
NNTP.slavec sD t d | d|||\}} fdd|fdd|D fS )ai Process an XHDR command (optional server extension). Arguments:
- hdr: the header type (e.g. 'subject')
- str: an article nr, a message id, or a range nr1-nr2
- file: Filename string or file object to store the result in
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- list: list of (nr, value) strings
z^([0-9]+) ?(.*)
?z XHDR {0} {1}c s | }|r
|ddS | S )Nr7 rO )r r& )r? m)patr r
remove_number2 s
z NNTP.xhdr..remove_numberc s g | ]} |qS r r r )r r r r 5 s z NNTP.xhdr..)r r r rZ )r Zhdrr rf r r# r )r r r xhdr' s
z NNTP.xhdrc C s. | d|||\}}| }|t||fS )aF Process an XOVER command (optional server extension) Arguments:
- start: start of range
- end: end of range
- file: Filename string or file object to store the result in
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- list: list of dicts containing the response fields
z
XOVER {0}-{1})r rZ r rN )r startendrf r r# r> r r r xover7 s
z
NNTP.xoverc C sx d| j v rdnd}t|ttfr |\}}|d||pd7 }n
|dur)|d | }| ||\}}| }|t||fS )a Process an OVER command. If the command isn't supported, fall
back to XOVER. Arguments:
- message_spec:
- either a message id, indicating the article to fetch
information about
- or a (start, end) tuple, indicating a range of article numbers;
if end is None, information up to the newest message will be
retrieved
- or None, indicating the current article number must be used
- file: Filename string or file object to store the result in
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- list: list of dicts containing the response fields
NOTE: the "message id" form isn't supported by XOVER
ZOVERZXOVERz {0}-{1}r- Nr )rt r/ tupler rZ r r rN ) r r rf r r r r r# r> r r r overE s z NNTP.overc C sb | d}|dst|| }t|dkr t||d }t|dkr*t||t|dfS )zProcess the DATE command.
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
- date: datetime object
ZDATEZ111rO r7 N)r rI r rF r= r
rY )r r elemr r r r r ` s
z NNTP.datec C s | |}|dst|t|ttfr| }|D ] }|ts)| dt }|dr2d| }| j
| q| j
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|
S )N3r$ r s .
)r rI r r/ r" bytearray
splitlinesendswithr rstriprf r r rr )r r fr r? r r r _postq s
z
NNTP._postc C r )zProcess a POST command. Arguments:
- data: bytes object, iterable or file containing the article
Returns:
- resp: server response if successfulZPOST)r )r datar r r post s z NNTP.postc C s | d||S )a Process an IHAVE command. Arguments:
- message_id: message-id of the article
- data: file containing the article
Returns:
- resp: server response if successful
Note that if the server refuses the article an exception is raised.z IHAVE {0})r rZ )r r+ r r r r ihave s z
NNTP.ihavec C sB z| j r| j | ` W | j d S W | j d S | j w rz )rf rj r^ r{ r r r r s
z NNTP._closec C s$ z | d}W | |S | w )zdProcess a QUIT command and close the socket. Returns:
- resp: server response if successfulZQUIT)r r )r r r r r r s
z NNTP.quitc C s | j rtd|s|stdz |r,|s,dd l}| }|| j}|r,|d }|d }W n ty6 Y nw |s;d S | d| }|dr]|sMt|| d| }|ds]t |d | _
| | j ryd | j
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NzAlready logged in.z7At least one of `user` and `usenetrc` must be specifiedr rO zauthinfo user Z381zauthinfo pass Z281rp )ry r netrcZauthenticatorsrc r r rI r r rt ru rv rw )r rk rl rn r Z credentialsZauthr r r r ri sD
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C sb z | d| _W d S ty Y d S ty0 } z|jdr$d| _n W Y d }~d S d }~ww )Nz mode readerZ480T)r rs r r r
rI rv )r er r r rw s zNNTP._setreadermodec C sz | j rtd| jrtd| d}|dr9| j t| j|| j | _| j
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d) zzProcess a STARTTLS command. Arguments:
- context: SSL context to use for the encrypted connection
zTLS is already enabled.z+TLS cannot be started after authentication.STARTTLSZ382rb TNzTLS failed to start.)rx r ry r rI rf rj r` r^ rc rg rt ru r )r r_ r r r r starttls s
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NNTP.starttls)Trz )NNT):r r r r r NNTP_PORTr r rh r| r re r ru r debugr r r rr r r r r r r r r r r r r r r& r r r r r r' r r r r r r r r r r r r r r ri rw _have_sslr r r r r r ( st
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.
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r c s8 e Zd Zedddddef fdd Z fddZ ZS )NNTP_SSLNFc s" || _ t ||||||| dS )zThis works identically to NNTP.__init__, except for the change
in default port and the `ssl_context` argument for SSL connections.
N) ssl_contextsuperr ) r rc rd rk rl r rm rn ro r r r r s zNNTP_SSL.__init__c s4 t |}z t|| j| j}W |S | rz )r re r` r rc rj )r ro r^ r r r re s zNNTP_SSL._create_socket)r r r
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